How Does Communication Between Mobile Phones Happen?

It's a fact that the invention and proliferation of the telephone have changed our lives. Our dependence on mobile phones and the process of communicating with others through them are increasing day by day. In fact, the concept of the mobile phone remains outdated, and smartphones have been a part of our lives for some time now, and a host of new technologies await us in the future.

So how does communication occur between these mobile phones?

First, let's understand how regular phones work.

Normal telephones convert people's voice energy from sound to mechanical energy, then convert it into electrical energy and transmit it to the phone we want to reach via copper wires. The conversion process works the other way around. Every country with telephones is surrounded by a network of cables. These copper wires contain a central switchboard that assigns a number to each phone and determines which wires to use for connection. Routers are located between the copper wires, and many wires are connected to each other. When we dial the number we want to reach, the switchboard system determines which routers to use to create a closed circuit. If the other phone is not busy, it creates this circuit, enabling us to communicate.

Now let's move on to mobile phones.

What is a mobile phone? A mobile phone is a portable communication device that can make and receive calls using radio signals. It performs these calls by connecting to the cellular network provided by mobile phone operators.

In fact, mobile phone communication, like landline phones, uses a copper wire network. Mobile phones communicate with base stations using radio frequencies. The base station, in turn, is connected to the operator's infrastructure via copper cables. It creates a cellular network by emitting radio frequencies. This cellular network is limited to a specific area, but this area can be reduced by structures such as buildings. In an open area, the cellular range can be as large as 5 km. In urban areas, it can be as small as 2 km. When a mobile phone is connected to a base station and goes out of range, it is automatically transferred to the appropriate base station. This happens in milliseconds, so the user is unaware. The mobile phone that connects to the base station is then connected to the central switchboard, which then routes it to the base station where the desired phone is located, and from there to the mobile phone, establishing a communication line.

Even if your mobile phones are side by side, they must go through this process. Direct phone-to-phone communication cannot be established using this infrastructure.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone

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