Consequences of the Discovery of Gravitational Waves – 2 – Quantum Fields, the Higgs Field and Inflation Theory

In my previous article (The Discovery of Gravitational Waves and Its Consequences) I explained what gravitational waves are, how they arise, their discovery, and their consequences. But I realized I'd forgotten to mention something about their consequences, so I decided to write this article. While I'm at it, I'll also explain the connection between the Higgs field and inflationary theory.

Support for Multiverses and Inflation Theory

In fact, the general support for the multiverse theory doesn't come from gravitational waves. This support comes from the inflationary theory itself. As I mentioned in my previous article, gravitational waves were thought to have occurred after inflation, and this has been proven. Inflationary theory has also been proven indirectly. Inflationary theory suggests that the universe existed 10 years after the Big Bang.^-32 seconds later, it expands to incredible sizes, much faster than light. This needs to be explained in more detail.

Big Bang in brief

As we know, the Higgs boson was discovered last year, and I can't say for sure how many years it's been, but I think it was a very important discovery. The Higgs field is a negatively charged field generated by Higgs bosons. As we know, there are four fundamental forces in the universe: gravity, the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and the electromagnetic force. And in quantum mechanics, each force consists of fields composed of carrier particles. For example, the carrier particles of the strong nuclear force are gluons, and this field is composed of gluons. Similarly, for the weak nuclear force, the w and z bosons are carrier particles, and for the electromagnetic force, they are photons. For gravity, carrier particles called gravitons are being discussed, but they haven't been discovered yet. You can find my article about the Higgs boson and field here (Higgs Boson What is the Higgs Field?) can be reached. This field is essentially the field and carrier particle that explains how particles in the Standard Model gain their mass.

Abdus Salam, Sheldon Glashow, and Steven Weinberg demonstrated that the weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force were essentially the same, and they discovered the electroweak force. This unified force earned them the Nobel Prize in 1979. Essentially, at high temperatures (if I remember correctly), 10¹⁸ degrees around and by the way I finally figured out how to write the exponent) or 3×10^-13 They showed that these two forces are indistinguishable at a distance of m. The only reason we see the difference is that the carrier particles have different masses. Finally, the strong nuclear force joined this unification. The only goal now is to incorporate the gravity of general relativity into this unification and create a unified field theory. In other words, to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity. To this end, I wrote this article (The Problem of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Theory Not Being Compatible) you can read.

Meanwhile, note to myself: 1. The problem of quantum mechanics and general relativity not being compatible contains incomplete information. Write a new article that includes it. 2. There isn't a single Turkish-language source on unified field theory. I'm not including sites I don't believe provide accurate information. Write a detailed article about this.

With this much background information, I can return to the main topic. The Higgs field is considered one of the reasons for the formation of inflation theory. At the time of the Big Bang, when all fields were at 0, the Higgs field, which was neutral, will drop to a negative value as a result of this imbalance. During this drop, the Higgs field's gravity will become a repulsive force, not an attractive one, due to the negative pressure (not pressure as we know it), and this will create an expansion much faster than light. When it drops to a negative value, this expansion energy will be converted into energy, that is, matter, that will complement the Higgs field to zero. This first scenario relates to inflation theory. The second scenario is that this expansion is actually still ongoing. Fundamentally, the impact of both scenarios will be no different for the present. However, it creates another difference, which is actually our topic.

Physicist Sean Carroll stated in his article published in the New York Times that if the second scenario is true, this expansion energy could create local big explosions in some regions, causing multiple universes. He states in his article:

After Guth proposed inflation, physicists Alexander Vilenkin and Andrei Linde pointed out that this expansion process could continue indefinitely. The energy from the expansion, while creating the particles we know, could create localized big bangs in some regions throughout the universe. Elsewhere, as the expansion continues, it could create an infinite number of other universes. At this point, cosmologists are moving from a single universe to multiple universes.

"It may sound quite strange. But when evidence for inflation was discovered, both Guth and Linde stated that this discovery could open the door to multiverses."

See also the original article from here You can reach.